A chromatic tuner is a tuner that can recognize all 12 notes of the Western musical scale — C, C#/Db, D, D#/Eb, E, F, F#/Gb, G, G#/Ab, A, A#/Bb and B — in any octave, rather than only listening for a fixed handful of strings. Play any single note and it tells you which one it heard, how far off it is, and by how much.
That makes a chromatic tuner the most general kind of tuner available: it doesn't need to know what instrument you're playing, what tuning you're using, or what key you're in. It simply reports the nearest note to whatever pitch reaches the microphone.